Lesson 2: Introduction to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Note: The Introduction to Human Rights and Responsibilities resource has been designed as two unique lesson plans. However, depending on your students’ level of engagement and the depth of content that you wish to explore, you may wish to divide each lesson into two. Each lesson consists of ‘Part 1’ and ‘Part 2’ which could easily function as entire lessons on their own.
Inquiry Questions
Inquiry and Skills
Questioning
Analysing
Evaluating and Reflecting
Knowledge & Understanding (History)
Personal, Social and Community Health
Being Healthy, Safe and Active
Communicating and interacting for health and wellbeing
Contributing to healthy and active communities
Over two lessons students will be introduced to the concept of 'Human Rights' and the strong link between rights and personal responsibility. They will design their own class charter and explore the broader topic of human rights and responsibilities through challenging and thought-provoking experiences.
These lessons are accompanied by online interactive activities to support the teaching of human rights.
You can locate these activities at www.humanrights.gov.au/introhumanrights/.
These activities are accessible on any internet enabled device however they work particularly well using an interactive whiteboard.
Upon completion of An Introduction to Human Rights and Responsibilities, students will be able to demonstrate a basic understanding of the concepts encompassed by the term 'human rights' and underlying principles of freedom, equality, fairness and justice.
In these lessons, students will:
When teaching about human rights it is important to create a safe and positive classroom environment, which encourages participation and cooperation. The activities in these lessons are significant because they empower students to make rules about how they want to be treated by both teachers and their peers.
By helping to create an environment where rights are respected, students are encouraged to actively take part in advancing respect for the rights of others in the classroom and beyond.
Briefly summarise learning from the previous lesson.
Key points:
Conduct the pre-lesson Quick Quiz.
Note: You may choose to have the students complete the quiz independently (on computers or tablets), in small groups, or as an entire class.
Following the devastation of World War II, the governments of the world came together in 1945 to form an international organisation called the United Nations (UN), dedicated to upholding peace and security.
One of the first actions of the newly-founded UN was to draft a document outlining the basic human rights shared by all people, everywhere. This resulted in the creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights recognises the dignity of all people, and asserts that human rights should apply equally to everyone, no matter who they are or where they live.
It consists of thirty articles that are the basis for human rights protection and promotion around the world. It includes civil and political rights, like the right to life, liberty, free speech and privacy. It also includes economic, social and cultural rights, like the right to social security, health and education.
It has been endorsed by all countries and many countries have included its provisions in their laws or constitutions.
For more information see: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/what-universal-declaration- human-rights
An abbreviated version of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is included in the Teacher Reference Sheet at the end of this resource.
Which human right is represented in this picture?
Everyone has the right to education.
Correct! According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights you have the right to go to school and primary school education should be free. You should be able to learn a profession or continue your studies to whatever level you wish.
Which human right is represented in this picture?
Everyone has the right to take part in the government of their country
Correct! Once we are over 18, we can exercise our right to vote in elections and decide the future of our country. Everyone should have a vote and all votes should be counted equally.
Which human right is represented in this picture?
Everyone has the right to seek asylum from persecution
Correct! If you are being harmed, or believe you are in danger of being harmed, in your own country, you have the right to go to another country and ask for protection.
Which human right is represented in this picture?
Everyone has the right to freedom of assembly and association
Correct! This means that you have the right to organise peaceful meetings or to take part in meetings. This includes peaceful protests.
Which human right is represented in this picture?
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression
Correct! You have the right to have your own ideas and opinions and to express them to others. We
exercise this freedom of speech whenever we text, tweet, or use any other forms of media to
publicly express our opinion.
However, this doesn't mean you have a right to say whatever
you want. Sometimes a situation can occur when a particular right may be in conflict with
another right. For example, your right to express an opinion
should not come at the cost of someone else's right to be treated with respect.
Which human right is represented in this picture?
Everyone has the right to a decent standard of living
Correct! You have the right to the things you need to live a healthy and prosperous life. This includes food, clothing, housing and medical care and social services.
Who do you think should be responsible for upholding the rights in the Universal Declaration? Look at these rights from the Universal Declaration and drag and drop the group (or groups) that should make sure that the right is protected and respected.
No one shall be subject to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
Nobody has the right to put you in prison, to keep you there, or to send you away from your country unjustly, or without a good reason.
Judges and the Law Courts / Community / Businesses / Government / Individuals / The United Nations
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security.
You have the right to live, and to live in freedom and safety.
Police / Community / Your Family / Government / Judges and the Law Courts / Individuals
Ask students how different groups might be responsible for keeping people safe. For example, students, as members of the community, have a responsibility not to harm others. What role might other groups such as your family, the police or the government have to play in keeping you safe?
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion
You have the right to have your own religion or belief. This includes the right to change your religion or belief if you want, to practice your religion either on your own or with other people and to peacefully express your beliefs in teaching, practice and worship.
Community / The Media / Government / Individuals / Churches / The United Nations
Ask students what responsibilities a community might have to respect people's religions or personal beliefs.
Explore how there are often many different religious and spiritual beliefs within a local community. A community has the responsibility to ensure that its members are able to practice their beliefs as they wish.
This can be extended to the Australian community as a whole. The Australian Governmnet has the responsibility to protect people's right to practice a religion, or not, as they choose.
Everyone has a right to privacy
You have the right to ask for protection if someone tries to harm your good name, enter your house, open your letters, or bother you or your family without a good reason.
Police / Government / Individuals / Business / Judges and the Law Courts / The Media
Everyone has the right to a decent standard of living
You have the right to the things you need to live a healthy and prosperous life. This includes food, clothing, housing and medical care and social services.
Government / Doctors and Hospitals / Community / Your Family / The United Nations / Individuals
Explain to students that you want to see how much they learned so you are going to ask them the same questions from the first “Quick Quiz” at the beginning of the lesson.
Note: you may choose to have the students complete the quiz independently (on computers or tablets), in small groups, or as an entire class. If you divided students into small groups for the pre-lesson quiz, you might like to consider assigning them to different groups for the post-lesson quiz.
Conduct the post-lesson Quick Quiz.
Note: you may choose to have the students complete the quiz independently (on computers or tablets), in small groups, or as an entire class. If you divided students into small groups for the pre-lesson quiz, you might like to consider assigning them to different groups for the post-lesson quiz.
Charter: A document that outlines the fundamental principles of an organisation.
Children’s rights: children’s rights are special rights that belong to all children under the age of 18. Children have the same human rights as everyone else but they also have extra rights that place a responsibility on adults to make sure that children receive the special care and protection they need to grow up healthy and happy. These rights are written down in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Citizen: A person who is a member of a political community, such as a state or a nation, that grants certain rights and privileges to its citizens and in return expects them to fulfil certain duties, such as to obeying the law.
Community: A group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic and a shared sense of identity in common.
Dignity: A value owed to all humans, to be treated with respect.
Discrimination: When a person is treated less favourably than another person in a similar situation because of a particular personal characteristic such as their; age, sex, race, nationality, or beliefs.
Equality: The quality of being equal. Equality is an important value in human rights and is the central idea behind all human beings having universal human rights.
Fairness: The quality of treating people in a way that is right or reasonable.
Freedom: The power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants. Or, the state of being free rather than in confinement or under physical restraint.
Global citizen: A person who understands that they have rights and responsibilities at a global level, beyond geographical or political borders, because they are part of the global human community. These rights and responsibilities do not have the same legal authority or sanctions that those conferred by a nation have.
Government: A group of people with the authority to govern a country or state.
Human rights: Rights that come from being human. They ensure people can live freely and that they are able to flourish, reach their potential, and participate in society. They ensure that people are treated fairly and with dignity and respect. You have human rights simply because you are human and they cannot be taken away.
Justice: The moral principle ensuring fairness in the way people are treated.
Law: A system of rules that a particular country or community recognises as regulating the actions of its members, and which it may enforce by an imposition of penalties and sanctions.
Respect: Taking into account the views and desires of others in how you treat people.
Right: A right is a moral or legal entitlement to have or do something.
Rights and responsibilities: Entitlements and obligations that are associated with living in any country with a democratic justice system. Rights and responsibilities are a cornerstone of modern democracies. While all people in Australia enjoy certain rights (for example, freedom of speech), there are also responsibilities (for example, paying taxes, jury service). Citizens also have the right to vote and the responsibility of voting at elections.
United Nations: An international organisation that was founded in 1945 by the governments of the world with the aim of promoting global peace and security, and human rights.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights: The key United Nations document establishing the standards of basic human rights for everyone. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948.
Values: Values are principles, ideals, standards, or world views which act as general guidelines for behaviour. They can also be points of reference in making decisions when evaluating beliefs or actions. Values are closely connected to personal integrity and personal identity.
Article 1 - We are all born free and equal
Everyone is born free and equal in dignity and with rights. We should all be treated in the same
way.
Article 2 - Human rights belong to everyone
Human rights belong to everyone, whatever our differences. You should never be discriminated against for any reason,including your race, skin colour, sex, language, religion, political opinion, nationality or social status.
Article 3 - Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security. You have the right to live, and to live in freedom and safety.
Article 4 - No-one shall be held in slavery
Nobody has the right to force you into slavery and you should not make anyone else your slave.
Article 5 - No-one has the right to torture you
Nobody has the right to torture you or to punish you in a cruel or unfair way.
Article 6 - Everyone has the right to be treated as a person in the eyes of the law
You should be legally protected in the same way everywhere.
Article 7 - Everyone is equal before the law
You have the right to be treated by the law in the same way as everyone else. Everyone has a right to protection against violations of their human rights.
Article 8 - Everyone has the right to be protected by the law
If you are not treated fairly according to the laws of your country, you have a right to ask for legal help.
Article 9 - No‐one shall be arrested, detained or exiled without a good reason.
Nobody has the right to put you in prison, to keep you there, or to send you away from your country unjustly, or
without a good reason.
Article 10 - Everyone has the right to a fair and public trial
If you are accused of breaking the law, you have the right to a public trial. The people who try you should not be influenced by others.
Article 11 - Everyone is innocent until proven guilty
You should be considered innocent of committing a crime until it can be proven that you are guilty, in a fair trial. No-one should be charged with a crime for doing something that wasn’t a crime at the time that they did it.
Article 12 - Everyone has a right to privacy
You have the right to ask for protection if someone tries to harm your good name, enter your house, open your letters, or bother you or your family without a good reason.
Article 13 - Everyone has the right to freedom of movement
You have the right to come and go as you wish within your country. You have the right to leave your country to go to another one; and you should be able to return to your country if you want.
Article 14 - Everyone has the right to seek asylum from persecution
If you are being harmed, or believe you are in danger of being harmed, in your own country, you have the right to go to another country and ask for protection.
Article 15 - Everyone has the right to a nationality
You have the right to belong to a country and nobody can prevent you, without a good reason, from belonging to another country if you wish.
Article 16 - Everyone has the right to marry and raise a family
Every grown-up has the right to marry and have a family if they want to. Men and women have the same rights when they are married, and also when they are separated.
Article 17 - Everyone has the right to own property
You have the right to own things and nobody has the right to take these from you without a good reason.
Article 18 - Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion
You have the right to have your own religion or belief. This includes the right to change your religion or belief if you want, to practice your religion either on your own or with other people and to peacefully express your beliefs in teaching,practice and worship.
Article 19 - Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression
You have the right to have your own ideas and opinions and to express them to others.You have the right to seek, receive and share information and ideas with people from any other country.
Article 20 - Everyone has the right to freedom of assembly and association
You have the right to organise peaceful meetings or to take part in meetings in a peaceful way. No-one can make you
join a group if you don't want to.
Article 21 - Everyone has the right to take part in the government of their country
You have the right to take part in your country's political affairs either by belonging to the government yourself
or by choosing politicians to represent you.
Governments should be voted for regularly, through free and fair voting procedures.
Everyone should have a vote and all votes should be counted equally.
Article 22 - Everyone, as a member of society, has a right to social security
you have the right to affordable housing, medicine, education, and childcare, enough money to live on and medical
help if you are ill or old.
The society in which you live should help you to develop and to make the most of all the advantages that are offered to you.
Article 23 - Everyone has the right to work and to fair working conditions
You have the right to work. This includes the right to good working conditions, to fair pay and to join a trade union.
Article 24 - Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
You have the right to rest and relaxation time, including regular holidays with pay.
Article 25 - Everyone has the right to a decent standard of living
You have the right to the things you need to live a healthy and prosperous life. This includes food, clothing, housing and medical care and social services.
Those with particular needs such as mothers and children, older people and people with disability, have the right to extra care and assistance.
Article 26 - Everyone has the right to education
You have the right to go to school and primary school education should be free. You should be able to learn a profession or continue your studies to whatever level you wish.
Article 27 - Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community
You have the right to share in your community's arts and sciences, and in any good they do. Your works as an artist,a writer or a scientist should be protected, and you should be able to benefit from them.
Article 28 - Everyone has the right to live in a free and fair world
You have the right to live in the kind of world where your rights and freedoms are respected.
Article 29 - Everyone has a responsibility to respect and protect human rights
We all have a responsibility to respect and protect the rights of others.
Article 30 - Everyone has human rights and they cannot be taken away
No person or group should try to take your human rights and freedoms away.
© Australian Human Rights Commission 2016.
The Australian Human Rights Commission encourages the dissemination and exchange of information presented in this publication and endorses the use of the Australian Governments Open Access and Licensing Framework (AusGOAL).
All material presented in this publication is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence, with the exception of:
To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode/.
In essence, you are free to copy, communicate and adapt the publication, as long as you attribute the Australian Human Rights Commission and abide by the other licence terms.
Please give attribution to: © Australian Human Rights Commission 2016.
The 'Introduction to Human Rights and Responsibilities' lesson materials were developed by Annie Pettitt, Siobhan Tierney and Rebecca Rolls.
This publication can be found in electronic format on the Australian Human Rights Commission's website at http://www.humanrights.gov.au/about/publications/
For further information about the Australian Human Rights Commission or copyright in this publication, please contact:
Education and Innovation Team
Australian Human Rights Commission
GPO Box 5218
SYDNEY NSW 2001
Telephone: (02) 9284 9600
Email: communications@humanrights.gov.au
Resource design and layout Kimberlin Education