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The literature review pulls together some of the main concepts and findings about Indigenous young people with cognitive disabilities and/ or mental health issues from involvement with the juvenile justice system. However, we are also interested in finding out what is actually happening on the ground for these young people.

This section outlines current knowledge around Indigenous young people with cognitive disabilities and/ or mental health issues. It introduces concepts and best practice models from Australia and internationally.

During these ten years, thousands of individuals and organisations have used the DDA to create change, either by making complaints of discrimination, using the law as a basis for negotiating broad social change or educating organisations on their responsibilities.

In recent years a mutual obligation approach has been adopted to reform public policy on welfare and employment issues. There has been much discussion about the applicability of this approach within an Indigenous policy context. It is seen by many as consistent with Indigenous cultural values such as reciprocity and an emphasis on community, as well as suggesting an antidote to the damage caused by intergenerational poverty, of which long-term welfare dependency and a crippling short-term local cash economy are often features.

2.1 Scope of international obligations 2.2 National framework 2.3 Equality before the law and non-discrimination 2.4 Migrants, refugees and asylum seekers 2.5 Right to life, liberty and security of the person 2.1 Scope of international obligations Australia prides itself on its commitment to the promotion and protection of human rights and has announced its candidacy for election to the Human ...

States Parties recognize the right of the child to education and with a view to achieving this right progressively and on the basis of equal opportunity, they shall, in particular:

1. In Beijing in 1995 the Australian government was one of 73 governments that made commitments for national action during their plenary speeches at the Beijing Conference.

Australia is a signatory to a number of International Conventions, which are relevant to mandatory detention of children in Australia’s immigration detention centres. Under International law, each of the conventions that Australia has ratified is binding on the Australian state, which is obliged to bring its domestic laws into conformity with their stipulations. In Australia, International Conventions do not have legal force in domestic law, and cannot be directly applied by the domestic courts in Australia, unless the Australian Parliament enacts them into legislation.

Pursuant to section 31(b)(ii) of the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act1986 ( Cth), I attach a report of my inquiry into a complaint by Ms Tracy Gordon of discrimination in employment on the basis of criminal record by the Emergency Services Telecommunications Authority of Victoria (formally Emergency Communications Victoria) and Victoria Police. I have found that the act and practice complained of constitutes discrimination in employment on the basis of criminal record.

2.1 Introduction 2.2 Telephone Network Evolution 2.2.1 Mainstream Technology Developments 2.2.2 Customer Access Alternatives 2.2.3 Implications for People with Disabilities 2.3 Wireless Communications 2.3.1 Mainstream Developments in Mobile Telecommunications 2.3.2 Implications for People with Disabilities 2.4 Development of the Internet 2.4.1 Mainstream Internet Development 2.4.2 World Wide Web 2.4.3 Media Streaming 2.4.4 Customer Access to the Internet 2.4.5 Implications for People with Disabilities 2.5 Next Generation Networks and Convergence 2.6 Telstra and Optus Initiatives 2.6.1 Telstra