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Recognizing that the child, for the full and harmonious development of his or her personality, should grow up in a family environment, in an atmosphere of happiness, love and understanding ... Convention on the Rights of the Child, Preamble

This report contains a summary of observations made by the Australian Human Rights Commission (the Commission) during its 2010 visit to the immigration detention facilities on Christmas Island.

"Like sands shifted by restless winds, refugees spill today across the globe. They constitute a Fourth World, one whose inhabitants have no representation and over which they have no control."

Social security is an income support system that acts as a safety-net for people who, for some reason, are unable to financially support themselves. Entitlements to social security are largely governed by the Social Security Act 1991 (Cth) (Social Security Act) and the A New Tax System (Family Assistance) Act 1999 (Cth) (Family Assistance Act). The payments are usually administered by Centrelink.

Department of Justice and Youth Studies at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology The Department of Justice and Youth Studies (JYS) is part of the Faculty of Education, Language and Community Services (FELCS) at RMIT University. JYS offers undergraduate courses in Criminal Justice Administration and Youth Affairs, as well as Masters by Research and PhD programs.

The Commission is a national independent statutory body established under the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act 1986. It has a President and five Commissioners. The five positions are currently held by three persons.

The twin pillars of the government's approach to Indigenous policy in 2003 continued to be practical reconciliation, with its emphasis on service delivery in core areas of disadvantage, and mutual obligation, with its emphasis on reciprocity and individual responsibility. Through both of these policies, the government has identified moving Indigenous people beyond welfare dependency and enabling Indigenous participation in program delivery and design as key features of its approach.

<ul> <li><a href="#Heading2110">5.1 Introduction </a></li> <li><a href="#Heading2126">5.2 The importance of Nations </a></li> <li><a href="#Heading2162">5.3 Framework for Indigenous governance </a></li> <li><a href="#Heading2189">5.4 Community governance: a Nation building approach</a></li> <li><a href="#Heading2288">5.5 Australian accounts of successful nation building</a></li> <li><a href="#Heading2354">5.6 Voices of Nations, not just national voices</a></li> <li><a href="#Heading2421">5.7 Conclusions and recommendations</a></li> </ul> <hr>

<ul> <li><a href="#Heading1285">3.1 Introduction </a></li> <li><a href="#Heading1303">3.2 Key trends in native title over the last five years </a></li> <li><a href="#Heading1313">3.3 Federal reviews of native title</a></li> <li><a href="#Heading1447">3.4 Budget reforms </a></li> <li><a href="#Heading1459">3.5 Reinstating legislation to amend the Native Title Act </a></li> <li><a href="#Heading1485">3.6 Tax Laws Amendment Acts 2013 </a></li> <li><a href="#Heading1500">3.7 Native title developments in Queensland</a></li> <li><a href="#Heading1563">3.8 South Australia</a></li> </ul> <hr>

Just send my children to school, and let them be in freedom. They should live in a human good atmosphere, they should learn something good, and not the things they are learning here.(1)

One of the underlying goals of international and Australian laws relating to children with disabilities is to provide the highest possible level of support and assistance in the least restrictive way. Laws, policies and programs should be designed to ensure that children with disabilities have the opportunity to participate, to the maximum extent possible, in all aspects of the general community.

For migrant and refugee job seekers, finding paid work is both a key indicator and a major determinant of successful settlement. Employment is also a crucial area of social and economic participation.